Compact Lie groups isolated up to conjugacy

The set $\mathcal S(G)$ of compact subgroups of a Hausdorff topological group $G$ can be equipped with the Vietoris topology. A compact subgroup $K\in\mathcal S(G)$ is isolated up to conjugacy if there is a neighborhood $\mathcal U\subseteq\mathcal S(G)$ of $K$ such that every $L\in\mathcal U$ is conjugate to $K$. In this paper, we characterize compact subgroups of a Lie group that are isolated up to conjugacy. Our characterization depends only on the intrinsic structure of $K$, the ambient Lie group $G$ and the embedding of $K$ into $G$ are irrelevant. In addition, we prove that any continuous homomorphism from a compact group $G$ onto a compact Lie group $H$ induces a continuous open map from $\mathcal S(G)$ onto $\mathcal S(H)$

On subset sums of pseudo–recursive sequences

Let a0 = a 2 N, fMig1i =1 be an infinite set of integers and fb1; b2; : : : ; bkg be a finite set of integers. We say that faig1 i=0 is a pseudo-recursive sequence if an+1 = Mn+1an + bjn+1 (bjn+1 2 fb1; b2; : : : bkg) holds. In the first part of the paper, we investigate the subset sum of a generalized version of A := fan = b2nc : n = 0; 1; 2; : : : g, which is a special pseudorecursive sequence. In the second part, we use A for an encryption algorith

Generic isomorphism classes of abelian groups

We prove that the universal solenoid is the generic (in the sense of Baire category) connected compact metrizable abelian group. We also settle the dual problem in the sense of Pontryagin duality: $(\mathbb{Q},+)$, which is the dual of the universal solenoid, is the generic countably infinite torsion-free abelian group.Comment: 13 page

SignaLink 2 - a signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

BACKGROUND Signaling networks in eukaryotes are made up of upstream and downstream subnetworks. The upstream subnetwork contains the intertwined network of signaling pathways, while the downstream regulatory part contains transcription factors and their binding sites on the DNA as well as microRNAs and their mRNA targets. Currently, most signaling and regulatory databases contain only a subsection of this network, making comprehensive analyses highly time-consuming and dependent on specific data handling expertise. The need for detailed mapping of signaling systems is also supported by the fact that several drug development failures were caused by undiscovered cross-talk or regulatory effects of drug targets. We previously created a uniformly curated signaling pathway resource, SignaLink, to facilitate the analysis of pathway cross-talks. Here, we present SignaLink 2, which significantly extends the coverage and applications of its predecessor. DESCRIPTION We developed a novel concept to integrate and utilize different subsections (i.e., layers) of the signaling network. The multi-layered (onion-like) database structure is made up of signaling pathways, their pathway regulators (e.g., scaffold and endocytotic proteins) and modifier enzymes (e.g., phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases), as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of all of these components. The user-friendly website allows the interactive exploration of how each signaling protein is regulated. The customizable download page enables the analysis of any user-specified part of the signaling network. Compared to other signaling resources, distinctive features of SignaLink 2 are the following: 1) it involves experimental data not only from humans but from two invertebrate model organisms, C. elegans and D. melanogaster; 2) combines manual curation with large-scale datasets; 3) provides confidence scores for each interaction; 4) operates a customizable download page with multiple file formats (e.g., BioPAX, Cytoscape, SBML). Non-profit users can access SignaLink 2 free of charge at http://SignaLink.org. CONCLUSIONS With SignaLink 2 as a single resource, users can effectively analyze signaling pathways, scaffold proteins, modifier enzymes, transcription factors and miRNAs that are important in the regulation of signaling processes. This integrated resource allows the systems-level examination of how cross-talks and signaling flow are regulated, as well as provide data for cross-species comparisons and drug discovery analyses

SignaLink 2 - a signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Signaling networks in eukaryotes are made up of upstream and downstream subnetworks. The upstream subnetwork contains the intertwined network of signaling pathways, while the downstream regulatory part contains transcription factors and their binding sites on the DNA as well as microRNAs and their mRNA targets. Currently, most signaling and regulatory databases contain only a subsection of this network, making comprehensive analyses highly time-consuming and dependent on specific data handling expertise. The need for detailed mapping of signaling systems is also supported by the fact that several drug development failures were caused by undiscovered cross-talk or regulatory effects of drug targets. We previously created a uniformly curated signaling pathway resource, SignaLink, to facilitate the analysis of pathway cross-talks. Here, we present SignaLink 2, which significantly extends the coverage and applications of its predecessor.Description: We developed a novel concept to integrate and utilize different subsections (i.e., layers) of the signaling network. The multi-layered (onion-like) database structure is made up of signaling pathways, their pathway regulators (e.g., scaffold and endocytotic proteins) and modifier enzymes (e.g., phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases), as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of all of these components. The user-friendly website allows the interactive exploration of how each signaling protein is regulated. The customizable download page enables the analysis of any user-specified part of the signaling network. Compared to other signaling resources, distinctive features of SignaLink 2 are the following: 1) it involves experimental data not only from humans but from two invertebrate model organisms, C. elegans and D. melanogaster; 2) combines manual curation with large-scale datasets; 3) provides confidence scores for each interaction; 4) operates a customizable download page with multiple file formats (e.g., BioPAX, Cytoscape, SBML). Non-profit users can access SignaLink 2 free of charge at http://SignaLink.org CONCLUSIONS: With SignaLink 2 as a single resource, users can effectively analyze signaling pathways, scaffold proteins, modifier enzymes, transcription factors and miRNAs that are important in the regulation of signaling processes. This integrated resource allows the systems-level examination of how cross-talks and signaling flow are regulated, as well as provide data for cross-species comparisons and drug discovery analyses

The evolving role of preprints in the dissemination of COVID-19 research and their impact on the science communication landscape.

The world continues to face a life-threatening viral pandemic. The virus underlying the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused over 98 million confirmed cases and 2.2 million deaths since January 2020. Although the most recent respiratory viral pandemic swept the globe only a decade ago, the way science operates and responds to current events has experienced a cultural shift in the interim. The scientific community has responded rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, releasing over 125,000 COVID-19-related scientific articles within 10 months of the first confirmed case, of which more than 30,000 were hosted by preprint servers. We focused our analysis on bioRxiv and medRxiv, 2 growing preprint servers for biomedical research, investigating the attributes of COVID-19 preprints, their access and usage rates, as well as characteristics of their propagation on online platforms. Our data provide evidence for increased scientific and public engagement with preprints related to COVID-19 (COVID-19 preprints are accessed more, cited more, and shared more on various online platforms than non-COVID-19 preprints), as well as changes in the use of preprints by journalists and policymakers. We also find evidence for changes in preprinting and publishing behaviour: COVID-19 preprints are shorter and reviewed faster. Our results highlight the unprecedented role of preprints and preprint servers in the dissemination of COVID-19 science and the impact of the pandemic on the scientific communication landscape

Kis halmazok nagy terekben

In this thesis we introduce the generalized Haar meager sets as a category analogue to generalized Haar null sets and for this one has to examine carefully the various notions of a universally Baire set, because to define the generalized Haar meager sets, we need a category analogue of a universally measurable set, which we will call as a universally Baire set

Endosomal crosstalk: meeting points for signaling pathways.

Endocytosis participates in downregulating incoming signals, but 'signaling endosomes' may also serve as physical platforms for crosstalk between signaling pathways. Here, we briefly review the role of endosomes in signaling crosstalk and suggest that endosome-associated scaffold proteins mediate this crosstalk. In addition, using a proteome-wide in silico approach - in which we analyze endosome-binding properties and the capacity of candidates to recruit signaling proteins from more than one distinct pathway - we extend the list of putative crosstalk-mediating endosomal scaffolds. Because endosomal crosstalk may be an important systems-level regulator of pathway communication, scaffold proteins that mediate this crosstalk could be potential targets for pharmacological intervention and synthetic engineering

Chromatin accessibility established by Pou5f3, Sox19b and Nanog primes genes for activity during zebrafish genome activation

In many organisms, early embryonic development is driven by maternally provided factors until the controlled onset of transcription during zygotic genome activation. The regulation of chromatin accessibility and its relationship to gene activity during this transition remain poorly understood. Here, we generated chromatin accessibility maps with ATAC-seq from genome activation until the onset of lineage specification. During this period, chromatin accessibility increases at regulatory elements. This increase is independent of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, with the exception of the hypertranscribed miR-430 locus. Instead, accessibility often precedes the transcription of associated genes. Loss of the maternal transcription factors Pou5f3, Sox19b, and Nanog, which are known to be required for zebrafish genome activation, results in decreased accessibility at regulatory elements. Importantly, the accessibility of regulatory regions, especially when established by Pou5f3, Sox19b and Nanog, is predictive for future transcription. Our results show that the maternally provided transcription factors Pou5f3, Sox19b, and Nanog open up chromatin and prime genes for activity during zygotic genome activation in zebrafish